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Sekundäre Traumatisierung bei Traumatherapeutinnen

Empathie als Risiko- und akkommodatives Coping als Schutzfaktor

Published Online:December 11, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000332

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Traumatherapeutinnen sind durch ihre Arbeit mit traumatisierten Patientinnen einem erhöhten Risiko sekundärer Traumatisierung (ST) ausgesetzt. Insbesondere wird hierbei die empathische Reaktion als möglicher Risikofaktor diskutiert. Fragestellung: Weder der Zusammenhang von Empathie und ST, noch mögliche schützende Copingfähigkeiten wurden jedoch eingehend untersucht. Insbesondere akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten (z. B. Umdeutung belastender Problemlagen), sollten das Risiko einer ST verringern. Methode: An einer Stichprobe von N = 312 Traumatherapeutinnen wird untersucht, ob die Empathiefähigkeit einen Risikofaktor für ST darstellt und akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten diesen Zusammenhang abmildern können. Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Empathiefähigkeit und ST, sowie eine moderierende Wirkung der Akkommodationsfähigkeit. Schlussfolgerungen: Empathiefähigkeit kann als Risikofaktor einer ST angesehen werden, dieser schädliche Zusammenhang kann jedoch durch Schutzfaktoren (akkommodative Copingfähigkeiten) abgemildert werden.


Secondary Trauma in Trauma Therapists: Empathy as a Risk Factor and Accommodative Coping as a Protective Factor

Abstract. Theoretical Background: Through their work with traumatized patients, trauma therapists are exposed to a higher risk of secondary traumatic stress (ST). In this context empathy is discussed as a possible risk factor. Objective: Neither the connection between empathy and ST nor the possible coping skills that could reduce the harmful impact of risk factors have been thoroughly examined to date. In particular, accommodative coping skills that help reframe stressful situations should reduce the risk of ST. Method: A sample of N = 312 trauma therapists were examined to determine whether empathy is a risk factor for ST and whether accommodative coping can reduce its impact. Results: The results show a positive connection between empathy and the degree of ST as well as the moderating effect of accommodative coping skills. Conclusion: Empathizing with the feelings of others can be seen as a risk factor for ST. However, this harmful effect can be counteracted by protective factors such as accommodative coping.

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